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91.
Zhenxing Chi Rutao Liu Hong You Donglin Wang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):978-984
Tetracycline (TC) is a widely used veterinary drug in animal breeding and fishery. Because of its low bioavailability, the TC residue extensively exists in the environment (e.g. soils, lakes and rivers), which can enter the human body, being potentially harmful. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein responsible for oxygen carrying in the vascular system of animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) with TC through spectroscopic and molecular modeling methods. The experimental results revealed that TC can interact with BHb with one binding site to form a TC-BHb complex, mainly through van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. The UV-visible absorption, synchronous fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) results revealed that the binding of TC can cause conformational and some microenvironmental changes of BHb, which may affect BHb physiological functions. The synchronous fluorescence experiment disclosed that TC binds into BHb central cavity, which was verified by molecular modeling study. The work contributes to clarify the molecular mechanism of TC toxicity in vivo. 相似文献
92.
Group-based approaches to the elicitation of stated preferences are considered particularly suitable for valuing unfamiliar or complex environmental goods. While such exercises provide participants with detailed information and time to think and deliberate, they require a considerable degree of motivation from the respondents. Effects of motivation on willingness to pay (WTP) tend to be ignored within the valuation research community, although similar effects have been reported in psychological literature. In this study, a novel approach using video recordings and behaviour coding of participants in group-based Market Stall meetings was employed to measure motivation as well as its impact on WTP and the theoretical and convergent validity of stated WTP. Indicators of motivation correlated significantly with both WTP statements and their validity, with more motivated individuals stating higher and more valid bids. These findings suggest that the recognition of motivation is an important novel element of research into stated preferences, particularly with respect to usefulness and quality of WTP measures. 相似文献
93.
94.
Insights from the adverse effect of humic acid(HA) on arsenate removal with hydrous ferric oxide(HFO) coprecipitation can further our understanding of the fate of As(V) in water treatment process. The motivation of our study is to explore the competitive adsorption mechanisms of humic acid and As(V) on HFO on the molecular scale. Multiple complementary techniques were used including macroscopic adsorption experiments, surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) spectroscopy, flow-cell attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR) measurement, and charge distribution multisite complexation(CDMUSIC) modeling. The As(V) removal efficiency was reduced from over 95% to about 10% with the increasing HA concentration to 25 times of As(V) mass concentration. The SERS analysis excluded the HA-As(V) complex formation. The EXAFS results indicate that As(V) formed bidentate binuclear surface complexes in the presence of HA as evidenced by an As-Fe distance of 3.26–3.31 ?. The in situ ATR-FTIR measurements show that As(V) replaces surface hydroxyl groups and forms innersphere complex. High concentrations of HA may physically block the surface sites and inhibit the As(V) access. The adsorption of As(V) and HA decreased the point of zero charge of HFO from 7.8 to 5.8 and 6.3, respectively. The CD-MUSIC model described the zeta potential curves and adsorption edges of As(V) and HA reasonably well. 相似文献
95.
Smodis B 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(1):121-128
In the framework of the IAEA programmes, Member States involved in air pollution studies using nuclear analytical techniques have harmonized their methodologies. Participants characterising chemical composition of size fractionated airborne particulate matter based their methodology on a common type of air sampler, centralised data collection and evaluation, and the same kind of data processing. Institutions involved in biomonitoring air pollution identified appropriate organisms to be applied at a regional scale, and harmonized procedures for sample preparation and analysis, as well as data processing and presentation. Both metrology approaches have been validated and disseminated in many Member States. 相似文献
96.
The Environment Agency for England and Wales is required to take account of likely costs and benefits in carrying out its
duties. Given the complex nature of environmental problems, this task requires sensitivity to issues such as uncertainty,
multiple objectives and conflicting value systems. This paper describes a multi-attribute methodology used to carry out this
duty in one area of the Agency's work, the regulation of the water industry. The method includes nine attributes measuring
the benefits from water quality improvement schemes, and one attribute measuring scheme costs. It is a workable method that
clearly satisfies the requirements for the Environment Agency to take account of the costs and benefits of its actions. Refinements
are suggested to improve the individual attribute scores, the weights used in prioritisation and the incorporation of costs.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
97.
E. J. Sattout P. D. S. Caligari S. N. Talhouk 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(1):107-127
The signature and ratification of the convention on biological diversity by the Lebanese government has boosted the declaration
of nature reserves. Cedar forests formed the pilot ecosystems, using international funds, for the implementation of a conservation
programme and development of management plans. Although different in their attributes, all recent nature reserves have the
same basic management objectives and goals but they ignore the idea of taking into account the difference in specific site
features and assets that could boost the success of any management plans. Twelve cedar forests flourish in the Mount Lebanon
chain. These forests are either protected by the forestry law or are declared as nature reserves by the Ministry of Environment.
The results reveal, through Participatory Rural Appraisals and Rapid Rural Appraisals, that religion, geographical location
and land ownership play, to a certain extent, a role in adopting successful management practices of cedar forests. The RRAs
and PRAs spell out the origins of woodcraft, old stories memorized by elderly people and ethnobotanical knowledge. The 4Rs
tools method adopted highlighted the need for more collaboration and synergy of effort between various institutions. The social,
ecological and economic aspects of the regions play a major role in defining the backbone of management plans for cedar forests
in Lebanon. The present paper proposes guidelines for the establishment of a network of cedar nature reserves in Lebanon adopting
collaborative management and assigning a separate role for each reserve; the details rely on the site’s natural features,
as well as socio-economic and cultural characteristics.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue 相似文献
98.
The European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive 96/61/EC aims to introduce a European-wide system of integrated prevention and control of pollution in order to secure a high level of protection to the environment as a whole. It places obligations on the Member States (MS) to introduce controls that ensure operators comply with the Directive. In this framework, as a part of the implementation process leading to formal accession of Cyprus to the European Union, the National Technical University of Athens has examined all documents related to the Best Available Techniques (BATs) published by Institutes and Organisations, such as the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies in Spain, the Environmental Protection Agency in Ireland, the World Bank Group and the Ministry for the Environment, Planning and Public Works in Greece. A series of guidelines were developed for the application of BATs for 14 categories of the Cypriot industry that fall into the IPPC Directive. The concept of BATs plays a central role in the Directive because it provides a basis for setting Emission Limit Values (ELVs) as well as the principal benchmark for determining the obligations of industrial operators in respect of pollution prevention and control. This paper presents the guidelines for cement manufacture in Cyprus. 相似文献
99.
城市生活垃圾土地填埋主要环境影响的识别 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对拟建城市生活垃圾土地填埋场主要环境影响的识别可为日后全面详尽的环境影响评价指出该项目最重要的环境问题。对城市生活垃圾土地填埋项目所涉及的主要环境因子及其环境影响作出客观和全面的识别需采用一系列环境影响识别技术,这些识别技术都有其长处和短处。应根据不同情况将这些识别技术结合起来取长补短,取得较为满意的识别效果。 相似文献
100.
Applying sustainability at an operational level requires understanding the linkages between socioeconomic and natural systems. We identified linkages in a case study of the Lake St. Clair (LSC) region, part of the Laurentian Great Lakes system. Our research phases included: (1) investigating and revising existing coupled human and natural systems frameworks to develop a framework for this case study; (2) testing and refining the framework by hosting a 1-day stakeholder workshop and (3) creating a causal loop diagram (CLD) to illustrate the relationships among the systems’ key components. With stakeholder assistance, we identified four interrelated pathways that include water use and discharge, land use, tourism and shipping that impact the ecological condition of LSC. The interrelationships between the pathways of water use and tourism are further illustrated by a CLD with several feedback loops. We suggest that this holistic approach can be applied to other case studies and inspire the development of dynamic models capable of informing decision making for sustainability.